Frailty is defined as a clinical state in which the body has diminished strength, endurance,
and resilience, making a person more vulnerable to stressors such as injury and illness. It’s estimated
that 7–12% of Americans age 65 and older are frail. Because it is associated with an elevated risk of
falls, hospitalization, disability, and complications from illness and surgery, frailty can significantly
impact an individual’s ability to remain independent and maintain quality of life. Common
characteristics of frailty include unintentional weight loss, weakness, fatigue, slow walking speed,
and low physical activity. The presence of three or more of these features meets the diagnostic
criteria for frailty, as described by the Fried’s Frailty Phenotype model.
Current research suggests that frailty is associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative
stress, often influenced by lifestyle and metabolic health factors. Fortunately, frailty can often be
improved—and sometimes partially reversed—especially when identified early. The key is consistent
engagement in behaviors that help restore strength, function, and overall metabolic health:
- Resistance training is essential for increasing muscle mass and overall physical function.
- Balance-based exercises, such as yoga, can improve lower body strength, stability, and
walking speed. - Aerobic exercise can improve walking speed, reduce fatigue, and support cardiovascular
health. - An anti-inflammatory diet, such as the Mediterranean diet, may help reduce systemic
inflammation. Nutrients like flavanols can help counter oxidative stress, while dietary fiber
supports a healthy gut microbiome, which influences overall health and immune function.
Increasing protein intake is also important for maintaining muscle mass. - Low or deficient vitamin D levels are common in frail individuals. Improving vitamin D
status through diet, supplementation, and/or sun exposure may support muscle function,
neuromuscular control, and bone health, while also helping to reduce inflammation. - Maintaining social connections—such as sharing meals, participating in group activities, or
volunteering—supports mental health and overall well-being. - Seniors taking five or more medications are at increased risk for drug interactions and side
effects. Reviewing medications with a healthcare provider can help determine if adjustments,
dose reductions, or safer alternatives are appropriate.
Lastly, several studies have linked chronic pain—including musculoskeletal conditions such
as chronic low back pain—with an increased risk of frailty. This may be due to reductions in physical
activity and increased sedentary behavior, often driven by fear of worsening pain. Over time, this can
lead to muscle deconditioning, reduced proprioception, and diminished functional capacity.
Addressing musculoskeletal pain through conservative care, including chiropractic treatment, may
help individuals stay active and improve their resilience, reducing the impact of frailty.
Brent Binder, D.C.
4909 Louise Dr. Suite 102
Mechanicsburg, PA 17055 (717) 697-1888
Pain Relief Chiropractic 
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